Wine Grape Growing in Cool Climate Regions

I am currently reading a article written by researchers in Poland which makes some important points regarding wine grape growing in cool climates.
Climate is undoubtedly one of the most important elements influencing the results of grape cultivation. The quality and type of wine produced is one of the challenges of growing grapes in a cool climate region. A cool climate refers to regions where the mean temperature of the month preceding the grape harvest is 15 °C (60 °F) or less.
Some of the challenges of growing grapes in a cool climate include:

• A decrease in temperature below minimum requirements causes the grapes to ripen incompletely
• Yields per hectare are lower, so the production costs of wine become higher
• Chemical composition of grapes is different; the fruit has a lower content of sugars, and in colder seasons its acidity may be too high
• Cool climate regions are characterised by late and often insufficient fruit ripening
• Acidity is increased
• The pH of must obtained may also be lower than usual due to the higher content of malic acid and tartaric acid
• Too low a temperature or frequent rainfall in the period of the planned grape harvest can delay the start of fermentation
• The most frequent procedure repeatedly necessary in the case of wine production in the cool climate regions is chaptalisation, i.e., adding sugar to the must before fermentation to obtain a normal content of alcohol in the product
• After alcoholic fermentation very often malolactic fermentation is carried out due to its positive influence on reducing acidity

A few positive reasons for growing wine grapes in a cool climate:

• Cool-climate wines are usually perceived as more delicate and refined, and the higher acidity gives freshness to the wines
• A characteristic feature of the cool climate regions is also the achievement of better quality of white wines than red wines

References:
1. Tomasz Tarko, Aleksandra Duda-Chodak, Paweł Satora, Paweł Sroka, Iga Gojniczek, Chemical composition of cool-climate grapes and enological parameters of cool-climate wines, Fruits, 2014, vol. 69, p. 75–86.