On that page is the following article: Genetic structure and differentiation in cultivated grape, Vitis vinifera L. and explains how genetic relationships among grapevines were determined.1
The study evaluated the genetic diversity, structure and differentiation in a grape germplasm collection using polymorphisms at eight microsatellite loci, VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD6, VVMD7, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD31 and VVMD32.
Just what are microsatellites and why are they so useful? Microsatellite markers or single sequence repeats (SSRs) contain from 1 to 10 nucleotides. They are:2
- Abundant
- Multi-allelic
- Highly polymorphic
- Efficient and accurate for detecting genetic polymorphism
- Co-dominant
For wild species SSRs are used:
- (i) in studies of diversity measured on the basis of genetic distance
- (ii) to estimate gene flow and crossing over rates
- (iii) in evolutionary studies, above all to infer infraspecific genetic relations
- (i) constructing linkage maps
- (ii) mapping loci involved in quantitative traits (QTL)
- (iii) estimating the degree of kinship between genotypes
- (iv) using marker-assisted selection
- (v) defining cultivar DNA fingerprints
- Occidentalis, the small-berried wine grapes of western Europe
- Orientalis, the large-berried table grapes of West Asia
- Pontica, the intermediate type from the basin of the Black Sea and eastern Europe
References:
1. Malikarjuna K. Aradhya, Gerald S. Dangl, Bernard H. Prins, Jean-Michel Boursiquot, M. Andrew Walker, Carole P. Meredith, and Charles J. Simon, Genetic structure and differentiation in cultivated grape, Vitis vinifera L., Genet. Res., Camb. (2003), 81, pp. 179–192.
2. Vieira MLC, Santini L, Diniz AL, Munhoz C de F., Microsatellite markers: what they mean and why they are so useful, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 2016;39(3):312-328, doi:10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2016-0027.
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